Increase in Productivity of Chestnut Soils on Irrigated Lands of Northern and Central Kazakhstan

Natural conditions in North and Central Kazakhstan the energy potential of chestnut soil testify to efficiency agriculture, especially on irrigated lands. The humus horizon soils is 35–50 cm, content 3.0–3.5%. majority (75%) contained a half-meter layer, which emphasizes short level. phosphorus content, both gross mobile, very low at 0.98–0.031%. Potassium elevated amounts. Soils are most susceptible application nitrogen–phosphorus fertilizers. According mechanical composition, predominantly lightly loamy, light clays with substrates souses. Salinization low, salt 0–100 cm layer 0.10–0.20%. mass arable 1.3–1.4 g/cm3. Deep plowing loosening improve water nutrition regime, creating good for arid agriculture. With deep autumn up 30 accumulation sediment spring meltwater reaches 1200–1500 m3/ha more than disposal. ensures absorption irrigation water, eliminates run-off during irrigation, reduces number crops requiring extra irrigation. In an average dry year, 50% availability 70% moisture (MC), irrigations 4, rate 300–470 m3/ha; 60% MC, 2 performed, 600–650 m3/ha. On land, yield cereals 2.8–2.6 t/ha; perennial grasses, 3.0–4.5 potatoes, 23.2–24.1 carrots, 35.0–40.0 cabbage, 50.0–75.0 t/ha.